ATP
Studies (5)
Pharmacological bypass of NAD+ salvage pathway protects neurons from chemotherapy-induced degeneration
Axon degeneration from NMN accumulation can be prevented by bypassing the NAD+ salvage pathway (which is associated with the production of NMN) by providing nicotinic acid riboside (a precursor to nicotinic acid mononucleotide) as substrate for the body to make NAD+ via the primary Preiss Handler pathway instead.
Gut dysbiosis dysregulates central and systemic homeostasis via decreased melatonin and suboptimal mitochondria functioning: pathoetiological and pathophysiological implications.
In depth review of how deficiency of butyrate and melatonin compromise gut and overall mitochondrial function and lead to lower levels of other key molecules in cellular metabolism like sirtuins, PGC-1α and NAD+.
Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Melatonin plays a key role in intracellular membrane integrity, especially when a cell is in under stress. Melatonin plays role in maintaining a high ATP:ADP ratio, which suppresses glycolysis. Supplemental melatonin shown to accumulate in all cells, accumulates 10x in membrane compared to mitochondria. Plays unique role in fat/water interfaces, as it can combine with both. Biomolecular condensates play a big role in brain disorders and are shaped by complex relationships between membraneless organelles, membranes/lipid rafts, ATP, RNA, and most of all, stress. Melatonin's intimate association with each of these decisive influencers may position it as an important mediator of sorting out of these condensates in health and disease via ATP-dependent mechanisms.
The treatment of migraines and tension-type headaches with intravenous and oral niacin (nicotinic acid): systematic review of the literature
An overview of the evidence for using niacin to treat headaches. Mechanisms explored are vasodilation, improvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism, improved oxygenation, lowering of lactic acid.
Melatonin in Mitochondria: Mitigating Clear and Present Dangers
It's inferred that the majority of melatonin is created inside the mitochondria, independent of the pineal daylight associated melatonin. Melatonin has a 3 billion year history of use inside cells as a highly efficient anti-oxidant. It functions as an anti-oxidant for both plants and animals. It stimulates synthesis of other antioxidants like glutathione. It's the "swiss army knife" of anti-oxidants and uniquely positioned as the "fox in the hen house" inside the mitochondria where many free radicals originate. Melatonin reverses the Warburg effect and aids in arresting cancer cell growth.